SONNET

CHAPTER 1& 2

At first I know about psychology

It is just a study of behavior

It is very interesting study

Psychologist is a good observer

And when I take the course Psychology

I found out that except of behavior

Mental processes is a part of study

There are human development factors

Fraternal twins shares fifty percent genes

Genes are units composed of DNA

Sickle-cell anemia refers to disease

Children with this may have poor appetites

Down Syndrome caused mental retardation

The zygote receives extra chromosomes

Chapter 3

Nervous System is a living tissue

The cells in nervous system called neuron

Human brain weighs about three hundred pounds

Hind brain is located at the skull's rear

It has three identified structures

The second major area is Mid brain

Located between hind brain and fore brain

And the third major area is fore brain

This area is the largest part of brain

It has left and right sides called hemispheres

The Cerebral cortex is our new brain

And the Limbic system is our old brain

Pituitary Gland is the master gland

Chapter 4

Sensation is a sense activation

And Perception is interpretation

Transduction which a sense of perception of light

Are brightness, color, and saturation

In brightness, the higher the wave, the light

Appears brighter and low waves are dimmer

Color is determined by length of wave

Saturation refers to purity

Color blindness caused by defective cones

In the retina of the human eye

And there are two kinds of color Blindness

Monochrome and Red-Green color blindness

Maybe the people's cones are not working

 

CHAPTER 3 PHYSIOLOGICAL BASES OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR

The Central Nervous System is the Brain.The brain takes information from senses, processes it, makes decisions and sends commands to the rest of the body.

The three major parts of the brain are hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain. The hindbrain is located at the skull's rear, which is the lowest portion of the brain. It has three identified structures: the medulla. the pons, and the cerebellum. Medulla is responsible in some sensitive body functions such as breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure and body posture. Pons involved in regukating sleep and cerebellum involved in several intellectual functions ranging from the analysis and coordination of sensory information to problem solving. The Midbrain is located between the hindbrain and forebrain. It relays information between the brain and the eyes and ears. The Forebrain, the largest part of the brain, which has left and right sides that are called hemispheres. The left hemisphere controls the right side of the body and the right hemisphere controls the left side of the body.

CHAPTER 2 FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT

Similarities and differences among individuals raise one of the fundamental questions. Developmental Psychologists today agree that both nature (an organism's biological inheritance) and nurture (an organism's environmental experiences) interact to produce specific developmental patterns and outcomes. Example question is "What is the cause of homosexuality?" some people says that its because of heredity, they inherit that trait to their family members because its on their genes. Some people says its because of the environment, they inherit that from people surrounds them.

Human Development refers to the study of human cycle from conception to death. Genes produce the particular characteristics of each person. A child's sex is determined by a particular combination of genes. XX combination results to a female child and XY combination results to a male child.

We have 13 Stages of Life, this are Ovum, Embryo, Fetus, Birth, Infancy, Babyhood, Childhood (early and late), Puberty, Adolescence, Adulthood, Middle Age, and Death.

CHAPTER 1 PSYCHOLOGY AS A SCIENCE

Some people says that psychologists read people mind but the truth is its not like that. Psychology is a study of behavior and mental processes. They study behavior and mental processes that's why they can understand or distinguish what kind of personality of an individual have. Behavior includes our actions and reactions such as the way talk, our facial expressions, and our movement. Mental processes refers to the activity of our minds such as thinking, feeling, and remembering. As a psychologists or a person studying psychology, you need to be an observer so that you can understand and explain the behavior of an individual. Another one is to be imaginative or simply predictable because you need to predict what will happen in the future.

There are classifications of behavior, first is overt behavior that can be observed by anyone and second one is the covert behavior that is characterized by a behavior that is known to the individual performing it only or simply not obvious. Other classifications are conscious means aware, unconscious means unaware, rational means reasonable, irrational means unreasonable, voluntary means freewill and involuntary means force.

The schools of psychology are structuralism, functionalism, psychoanalysis, gestalt, and behaviorism. Structuralism is about the structure of te brain while functionalism refers to the function of the brain. Psychoanalysis gives emphasis on the influence of sexual and aggressive impulses on the way people think, feel and behave. Gestalt concentrates on how people consider individual elements together as units or wholes. Behaviorism focuses on how stimulus-response would produce a behavior.
The areas of psychology are Physiological Psychology, Comparative Psychology, Genetic Psychology, Experimental Psychology, Committive Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Personality Psychology, Abnormal Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Counselling Psychology, Education Psychology, Social Psychology and Industrial Psychology.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Psychiatric Diagnoses are categorized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th. Edition.  Better known as the DSM-IV, the manual is published by the American Psychiatric Association and covers all mental health disorders for both children and adults. It also lists known causes of these disorders, statistics in terms of gender, age at onset, and prognosis as well as some research concerning the optimal treatment approaches.

Mental Health Professionals use this manual when working with patients in order to better understand their illness and potential treatment and to help 3rd party payers (e.g., insurance) understand the needs of the patient.  The book is typically considered the ‘bible’ for any professional who makes psychiatric diagnoses in the United States and many other countries. Much of the diagnostic information on these pages is gathered from the DSM IV.

The DSM IV is published by the American Psychiatric Association.  Much of the information from the Psychiatric Disorders pages is summarized from the pages of this text.  Should any questions arise concerning incongruencies or inaccurate information, you should always default to the DSM as the ultimate guide to mental disorders.

PSYCHOLOGY

Psychology is the scientific study of human and animal behavior with the object of understanding why living beings behave as they do. As almost any science, its discoveries have practical applications. As it is a rather new science, applications are sometimes confused with the science itself. It is easier to distinguish what is 'pure' and 'applied' in older disciplines: everybody can separate physics and mathematics from engineering, or anatomy and physiology from medicine. People often confound psychology with psychiatry, which is a branch of medicine dedicated to the cure of mental disorders.

Schizophrenia

The word schizophrenia comes from the Greek word skhizein meaning "to split" and the Greek word Phrenos (phren) meaning "diaphragm, heart, mind".

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that generally appears in late adolescence or early adulthood - however, it can emerge at any time in life. It is one of many brain diseases that may include delusions, loss of personality (flat affect), confusion, agitation, social withdrawal, psychosis, and bizarre behavior.

It most commonly strikes between the ages of 15 to 25 among men, and about 25 to 35 in women. In many cases the disorder develops so slowly that the sufferer does not know he/she has it for a long time. While, with other people it can strike suddenly and develop fast.